[Cankor] Report #251

[cankor at cankor.ca]

Dear subscriber,

Welcome to issue #251 of the CanKor Report.

CanKor reader Deborah Ellis wants to know:
How do teens rebel in North Korea? Is there rock and roll?

QUIDNUNCS still pending:
The US Treasury Department actions are justified by the Bush 
administration as targeting criminal elements such as drug trafficking 
and counterfeiting. How effective is this tool to fight the black market 
and other illicit activity in the DPRK?

And Aidan Foster-Carter's challenging question:
When and why did the DPRK carve two new remote northern border 
provinces, Jagang and Ryanggang, out of the centuries-old Pyongan and 
Hamgyong provinces?

Send your replies to editor at CanKor.ca.
Do you have any questions that may stump or amuse our many expert 
subscribers and contributors? We'd like to hear from you.

The CanKor team.

For articles not original to CanKor, direct links are available in the 
Contents section, should you wish to consult the originals on the 
internet. If the links no longer function, you may refer to the full 
text articles appended to the issue. For back issues, archives and other 
content, please visit our website: http://www.cankor.ca
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CANADA-KOREA ELECTRONIC INFORMATION SERVICE

CanKor # 251

Monday, 5 June 2006
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The White House rejects Pyongyang’s invitation for the chief US envoy to 
the nuclear talks to visit the DPRK.

The Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO), whose 
activities have been suspended since November 2003, officially folds. 
CanKor presents a chronology of KEDO history.

Last March, DPRK experts met at the University of Toronto in Ontario, 
Canada for a conference on the internationalized aspects of DPRK human 
and environmental security.

Kathleen Stephens, senior US assistant secretary of State for East Asian 
Affairs visits the inter-Korean Kaesong Industrial zone and is impressed 
by its “vision and scope” but warns that the project’s goals are 
unlikely to be realized until the nuclear impasse is addressed.

Jay Lefkowitz, US special envoy on North Korean human rights, agrees to 
visit Kaesong if and when Pyongyang issues permits for the visit. US 
Ambassador Alexander Vershbow is expected to travel with him.

Officials in Pyongyang ask the ROK government for cooperation in 
receiving television broadcasts from World Cup games in Germany. This 
marks the first request from the DPRK for live broadcasts. Only 
previously recorded outside sporting events have been broadcast through 
the state-run North Korean Chosun Central TV in the past.
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Contents:

1. WHITE HOUSE REJECTS DPRK INVITATION TO US ENVOY
http://today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=topNews&storyID=2006-06-01T173546Z_01_WBT005463_RTRUKOC_0_US-KOREA-NORTH-USA.xml

2. US, JAPAN, ROK AND EU OFFICIALLY KILL KEDO
http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/world/20060531-1805-us-northkorea-nuclear.html

3. CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR EVENTS RELATED TO KEDO PROJECT
http://english.yna.co.kr/Engservices/4300000000.html

4. UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO HOSTS CONFERENCE ON DPRK
Original article, copyright CanKor

5. US ENVOY APPLAUDS KAESONG ECONOMIC ZONE
http://www.voanews.com/english/2006-06-02-voa17.cfm

6. US HUMAN RIGHTS ENVOY TO VISIT KAESONG
http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/200606/kt2006060217283610220.htm

7. DPRK TO WATCH ROK BROADCAST OF WORLD CUP
http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/200605/kt2006053017214210230.htm

QUIDNUNC: Readers ask and respond to common and uncommon questions
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1. WHITE HOUSE REJECTS DPRK INVITATION TO US ENVOY
Reuters, 1 June 2006

The White House on Thursday rejected an invitation from North Korea for 
the chief US envoy to stalled nuclear talks to visit Pyongyang.
“The United States is not going to engage in bilateral negotiations with 
the government of North Korea,” said White House spokesman Tony Snow, 
saying Washington was sticking to its position that any negotiations be 
conducted through a six-nation format.

North Korea invited the chief envoy, Christopher Hill, to visit 
Pyongyang to directly explain whether the United States has a “true 
political intention” to implement a joint agreement aimed at persuading 
the North to give up its nuclear weapons program.

North Korea has refused to return to six-party talks -- involving North 
and South Korea, the United States, China, Japan and Russia -- since the 
last round in November because of a US crackdown on firms suspected of 
aiding Pyongyang in illicit financial activities.
“The United States sticks by its position, which is North Korea has to 
return to the six-party talks,” Snow said. North Korea has long sought 
two-way talks with the United States outside the six-party process.
*************************************************

2. US, JAPAN, ROK AND EU OFFICIALLY KILL KEDO
by Peter James Spielmann, Associated Press, 31 May 2006

A multinational project to build two nuclear power plants for North 
Korea in exchange for U.N. inspections of the communist country's atomic 
sites was formally killed off Wednesday by the United States, Japan, 
South Korea and European Union. The Korean Peninsula Energy Development 
Organization, or KEDO, was formed in 1995 to finance and build two 
light-water reactors, from which it is difficult to extract 
weapons-grade plutonium. Those reactors were to replace a 
graphite-cooled reactor that can be used to produce weapons-grade 
plutonium. KEDO has been slowly winding down since the beginning of 
President Bush's administration, which never trusted the 
“reactors-for-inspections” deal.

A Wednesday statement from the executive board of KEDO blamed 
Pyongyang's “continued and repeated failure” to cooperate with the 
international effort to induce North Korea to give up its nuclear 
weapons program. The executive board members of KEDO are the United 
States, South Korea, Japan, and the European Union. KEDO also demanded 
that North Korea compensate the agency for the multibillion-dollar cost 
of the project a dim prospect given North Korea's isolation and 
belligerency. It was not clear if the timing of the KEDO announcement 
was meant to influence Iran to cooperate with a similar 
“reactors-for-inspections” plan.

KEDO's executive board meeting Wednesday was the first since November, 
when the Bush administration finally succeeded in persuading South Korea 
the main backer of the project to join Japan and the European Union in 
abandoning the $4.6 billion project. South Korea and Japan, the key 
financial backers of the KEDO light-water reactor project, will keep 
crucial components such as the control room for the reactors and the 
fuel containment vessels, which were never shipped to North Korea.

More than $1.05 billion was spent on various components, said Roland 
Tricot, KEDO's general counsel. The reactor structures were built 125 
miles north of the Korean border and about $450 million was spent on 
construction, much of it for roads, worker dormitories and a port, 
Tricot said. In addition, Tricot said, KEDO donated about $500 million 
in heavy fuel oil to North Korea from 1995-2002. That was the primary US 
financial contribution to KEDO. The Bush administration cut off the fuel 
oil shipments after suspicion was raised that North Korea was secretly 
enriching uranium to weapons strength.

The bilateral deal with North Korea was worked out under former 
President Bill Clinton's administration to defuse a mid-1990s threat by 
Pyongyang to ramp up its weapons program. The KEDO program was frozen in 
2002 after the United States claimed North Korea had embarked on a 
second, secret weapons-development program by enriching uranium. North 
Korea has said it needs to develop nuclear weapons to prevent a possible 
US invasion, but Washington denies it has any intention of attacking the 
communist nation.

The North is believed to have enough radioactive material to make at 
least a half-dozen bombs and claims to have atomic weapons, but hasn't 
performed any known tests that would confirm its arsenal. A shutdown of 
North Korea's Yongbyon research reactor in 1989 and reactor slowdowns in 
1990-1991 are believed to have yielded enough plutonium to build two or 
three bombs, a situation that the Clinton administration considered so 
threatening that it brought the United States and North Korea close to 
war in 1994.
*************************************************

3. CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR EVENTS RELATED TO KEDO PROJECT
Yonhap News Service, 1 June 2006

The following is a chronology of major events related to the 
construction work on two nuclear reactors in North Korea, a project 
implemented by the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO).

March 1993 -- North Korea announces it will bolt from the Nuclear 
Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT).
October 1994 -- The United States and North Korea sign an accord in 
Geneva, dubbed the ““Agreed Framework,”“ under which the North should 
freeze its nuclear reactors in exchange for two light-water reactors.
March 1995 -- KEDO, an international consortium tasked with providing 
the light-water reactors to the North, is launched.
July 1997 -- KEDO opens its first office in Sinpo in North Korea.
October 1997 -- Inspectors from the International Atomic Energy 
Association (IAEA) complete the removal of 8,000 spent fuel rods.
August 1998 -- North Korea test-fires its Taepodong-I missile.
May 1999 -- Japan signs an accord with KEDO to provide loans to the 
project for constructing nuclear reactors.
October 2002 -- The United States says North Korea admitted to having a 
secret program to enrich uranium for nuclear weapons during U. S. 
Assistant Secretary of State James Kelly's visit to Pyongyang.
November 2002 -- KEDO decides to cut off fuel-oil shipments to North Korea.
December 2002 -- North Korea announces it will soon restart the Yongbyon 
reactor.
December 2002 -- The IAEA says North Korea removed most IAEA seals from 
its nuclear complex at Yongbyon.

January 2003 -- North Korea again announces it will withdraw from the NPT.
April 2003 -- The U. S., North Korea and China hold talks in Beijing. 
North Korea says it already has nuclear weapons.
July 2003 -- South Korea's top intelligence official says North Korea 
reprocessed some of its spent nuclear fuel.
August 2003 -- Six-party talks involving China, Japan, North and South 
Korea, Russia and the U. S. begin in Beijing.
November 2003 -- KEDO decides to suspend construction work on the 
light-water reactors for one year.

February 2004 -- North Korea withdraws its workers from the light-water 
construction site.
November 2004 -- KEDO decides to extend the suspension of the project by 
one year.

July 2005 -- South Korea proposes supplying 2 million kilowatts of 
electricity in return for terminating the light-water project.
September 2005 -- A joint statement is adopted at the end of the fourth 
round of six-way talks on North Korea's nuclear program.
October 2005 -- A meeting of working-level specialists from KEDO is held 
in New York.
November 2005 -- KEDO holds an executive board meeting in New York 
January 2006 -- All remaining 57 workers leave the light-water 
construction site in Kumho.

May 31-June 1, 2006 -- KEDO decides to terminate the light-water project 
at an executive board meeting in New York.
*************************************************

4. UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO HOSTS CONFERENCE ON DPRK
by Alanna Krolikowski, MA candidate in International Relations, 
University of Toronto, 30 May 2006

On 29 March 2006, North Korea experts met at the Munk Centre for 
International Studies of the University of Toronto for a conference on 
the internationalised aspects of North Korean human and environmental 
security. The event, organized by graduate students in the Centre's 
International Relations program with the support of faculty members 
specializing in the region, attracted a large audience of interested 
students, faculty and members of Ontario's ethnic Korean community and 
civil society.

A NEW DIRECTION FOR CANADIAN POLICY?
The day began with a much anticipated presentation on Canada-DPRK 
relations by Ms. Caroline Chrétien, Director of the East Asia Division 
II of the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International 
Trade. She discussed the evolution of Canada's policy toward North Korea 
and said that in the future Canada's approach might allow for greater 
engagement through increased political contact and a revised development 
assistance strategy. Ms. Chrétien also expressed the government's 
interest in seeking civil society input toward the design of practical 
development cooperation projects. Senator Lois Wilson and Dr. Donald 
Rickerd of the Canada-DPRK Association commented on Ms. Chrétien's 
presentation, expressing support for such a policy shift and suggesting 
opportunities for engagement in specific areas. Among other things, 
Senator Wilson spoke of her organization's work exploring the potential 
for collaboration between Canada's Cirque du soleil and the DPRK's 
national circus. Many noted the important place of such academic and 
civil society-led discussion for broader policy debates, including 
Professor Lou Pauly, the Director of the sponsoring Centre for 
International Studies at the University of Toronto and a moderator 
during the session, who pointed out that events like this one “bring 
together many different perspectives, and set the stage for future 
policy adjustments.”

A JAM-PACKED CONFERENCE
A second morning panel was devoted to energy security and geopolitical 
factors in DPRK development. Professor Samuel Noumoff of McGill 
University drew attention to the obstacles to development stemming from 
the DPRK”s history of conflict and tense bilateral relations with the 
US. Professor Marc Lanteigne, also from McGill University, discussed 
issues in North Korean energy insecurity and their implications for 
sustainable economic development. Professors Bernard Frolic of the 
University of Toronto and York University, Michael Copeland of York 
University and Charles Burton of Brock University joined as discussants 
of the presentations.

Professor Meredith Jung-En Woo of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 
gave a presentation on the political ecology of humanitarian catastrophe 
in North Korea. Professor Woo discussed some of her research into North 
Korean agronomy as well as findings from extensive interviews she 
conducted with North Korean defectors living in Seoul. She argued that 
North Korea's famines of the 1990s find their origins in much earlier 
attempts by the regime to stop slides in agricultural production, dating 
back to the 1980s.

Professor Woo's presentation was followed by a discussion of 
contemporary issues in North Korean environmental management and 
sustainable development planning by Mr. Graham Ashford, of the 
International Institute for Sustainable Development. Mr. Ashford shared 
with the audience his practical experience working on training North 
Korean environmental experts, noting the growing interest in effective, 
practical environmental management techniques he observed among his 
North Korean colleagues.

Dr. Peter Hayes of the Nautilus Institute for Security and 
Sustainability joined the conference by live video feed and gave a 
detailed presentation about prospects for North Korean energy security 
and its implications for sustainable development. Dr. Hayes offered some 
potential scenarios for the future of DPRK energy sector restructuring 
and suggested areas of need which present opportunities for engagement 
through practical development cooperation. He stressed especially the 
need for support to DPRK legal and policy reforms in energy sector 
governance and to the rehabilitation of the country's degraded energy 
grid. Dr. Annie Cheung of the Canada-DPRK Association joined the 
presenters in a panel discussion, raising some specific conceptual 
issues associated with human security and sustainable development.

Mr. Zachary Devereaux helped bring the conference to a close with a 
discussion of his research in an exciting new area of academic inquiry: 
content-mapping of international media representations of North Korea. 
Mr. Devereaux's ongoing doctoral research looks for patterns emerging in 
blogging and news coverage of North Korean nuclear and human rights 
issues on the internet.

NEW WAYS OF STUDYING NORTH KOREA
The intensive day-long conference represented an attempt to fill the gap 
in current academic discussion of North Korea in International 
Relations, which tends to focus almost exclusively on the nuclear 
proliferation issue. As the University of Toronto Asian Institute's 
Director, Professor Joseph Wong put it, “The DPRK conference endeavoured 
to go beyond conventional understandings of North Korea and the related 
security threats that it poses in the Asia region. The conference forced 
us to look inside this nation-state, to understand internal security 
issues. As such, we explored North Korea as a society, a polity and an 
economy.” This approach helped bridge some disciplinary differences 
between those who traditionally study North Korean foreign relations in 
isolation from their domestic aspects and those more concerned with 
development and humanitarian issues, usually seen as primarily internal. 
“What was most heartening, in my mind, was how the conference organizers 
and participants understood human security issues in North Korea to be 
issues of universal concern, that indeed, considerations about 
environmental sustainability, poverty and humanity serve to obfuscate 
the realpolitik rigidities of international relations,” added Professor 
Wong.

While attempting to change the terms of traditional discussions of North 
Korea in International Relations, the conference managed to retain a 
strong relevance to these mainstream debates. “The issues for global 
order posed by North Korea remain worthy of the most serious attention. 
The student-led conference team deserves high praise for bringing them 
into sharper focus,” noted Professor Pauly.

The conference proved a unique occasion to focus and catalyze the 
growing interest in North Korean human and environmental security issues 
among students and faculty in Toronto and beyond, fostering the growth 
of a more networked North American community of interest. “The 
combination of political, diplomatic, and technical perspectives shed 
new light on the problems and prospects of the DPRK and of peninsular 
relations generally. It is rare to see such a productive synergy of 
approaches in a single conference,” said University of Toronto Professor 
David Welch, who moderated the afternoon session. For those encouraged 
by the conference's high turnout, there is a hope that it triggered a 
demand for more events on contemporary North Korean issues, which could 
again bring together academics, practitioners, engaged citizens and the 
humanitarian community.
For more information about the event, please visit www.dprkconference.com.
*************************************************

5. US ENVOY APPLAUDS KAESONG ECONOMIC ZONE
by Kurt Achin, VOA, 2 June 2006

A US envoy says she admires the “vision and scope” of a South 
Korean-funded industrial zone in North Korea. But after a daylong tour 
of the zone, the envoy said the project's ambitious goals are only 
likely to be realized after North Korea finally decides to end its 
nuclear weapons threat. Kathleen Stephens, the senior US assistant 
secretary of State for East Asian Affairs, visited the Kaesong 
inter-Korean industrial zone Friday. South Korea funds the zone, which 
lies in North Korea. Seoul considers the zone a triumph for its agenda 
of economic cooperation and engagement with communist North Korea. 
Stephens says Friday's tour was a learning experience for her.

“I think I have a sense of what this means to Koreans, and of how their 
aspirations are so high for it,” said Ms. Stephens. “Of the scope of the 
project as they envision it. I don't think I'd really appreciated that 
before.”

About 6,000 North Koreans, handpicked by Pyongyang, work in the zone for 
more than 10 South Korean companies. South Korean authorities say they 
hope to expand the zone to give more than half a million North Koreans 
employment in the global economy. South Korea says the North Korean 
workers receive about $50 a month, paid through North Korean 
authorities. However, US North Korea Human Rights Envoy Jay Lefkowitz 
drew fire from South Korean officials earlier this year when he 
cautioned that “little is known” about actual working conditions there.

Other critics of North Korea have said it is not clear how much of the 
salary actually goes to the workers. Stephens says South Korean guides 
assured her that efforts are underway to make Kaesong operations conform 
to global labor standards.

“I get the impression that there are still parts of this that are going 
to be worked out, to be more transparent both to the workers and to the 
outside world,” she added. Stephens cautions, however, that North 
Korea's nuclear weapons programs pose a serious obstacle to the Kaesong 
zone's plans for growth.

“We're still waiting to see if that strategic decision has been made by 
the DPRK, that they really do want to engage in this process, and which 
would only underpin and galvanize, if you like, the vision of what 
Kaesong could be that I heard today,” She noted.

North Korea says it is building more nuclear weapons, despite 
international pledges it signed not to do so. The United States, Russia, 
China, Japan, and South Korea have tried for three years to persuade 
Pyongyang to disarm in exchange for a package of economic and diplomatic 
incentives. South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun has promised 
unconditional continuation of economic support for the North. Washington 
insists the nuclear issue must be resolved before it increases aid to 
Pyongyang.
*************************************************

6. US HUMAN RIGHTS ENVOY TO VISIT KAESONG
by Jung Sung-ki, Korea Times, 3 June 2006

Jay Lefkowitz, US special envoy on North Korean human rights, has agreed 
to visit the Kaesong Industrial Complex in North Korea, government 
sources said Friday. US Ambassador to South Korea Alexander Vershbow is 
expected to travel with him to the industrial park, north of the 
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), as a member of the diplomatic community here, 
the sources said, requesting not to be named. Pyongyang has yet to 
issued permits for the visits, they said. The move comes amid a tense 
mood between Seoul and Washington over the human rights of North Korean 
workers in the economic enclave.

Lefkowitz, appointed last August as the US government's point man on 
North Korean human rights, has openly raised questions of the Kaesong 
project only helping feed the communist regime's Dear Leader. Last 
month, Lefkowitz expressed concerns about labor practices at the 
complex, alleging North Korean workers there are being exploited with 
low payments. He suspects much of the workers' wages goes into the 
pockets of the North's leader, Kim Jong-il, and North Korea's elite, and 
has called for an International Labor Organization inspection of the 
Kaesong complex.

Seoul dismissed his remarks as groundless. The invitation of Lefkowitz 
by the South Korean government has been designed to dispel such 
suspicions, the sources said.
“We see this as an opportunity to resolve his misunderstandings about 
Kaesong, and the United States also believes that it would be a good 
idea for him to see Kaesong in person,” a source said. “The two 
governments have a kind of consensus.”

The envoy, in an address to the Asia Society in New York on May 24, said 
South Korea's Unification Ministry invited him to visit Kaesong.
“I am hopeful that I will find that international standards for labor 
rights are being observed at this facility,” Lefkowitz said. “If that is 
the case, then perhaps a genuine opening might result from a project 
that is injecting hundreds of millions of dollars of capital into the 
North.” As a showcase project launched after the historic 2000 
inter-Korean summit in Pyongyang, Kaesong has been considered an 
economic enclave where South Korea invests in capital and technology 
using North Korea's cheap labor force.
*************************************************

7. DPRK TO WATCH ROK BROADCAST OF WORLD CUP
by Kim Hyun-cheol, Korea Times, 30 May 2006

The World Cup fever appears to have spread to North Korea. Officials in 
Pyongyang have asked the South Korean government for cooperation in 
receiving television broadcasts from World Cup games in Germany, the 
Ministry of Unification announced Tuesday. The North Korean Central 
Broadcasting Commission made an official request to the Korean 
Broadcasting Commission (KBC) in the South in late April, said Yang 
Chang-seok, spokesman at the ministry, in a briefing. The government is 
considering the request for the purpose of furthering inter-Korean 
broadcasting exchanges, Yang said. The KBC declined detailed comment on 
the issue.

“All we can say is that the issue is under discussion with other related 
agencies now, so it isn't a right time to talk about anything on the 
subject,” said Kim Jae-chul, manager of the KBC's external affairs 
division. However, he added, that if the broadcasting is authorized, no 
technical problems prevent the transmission to the North.

This is the first request from North Korea for live broadcasts of the 
World Cup matches. Previously, the KBC had accepted similar requests for 
other international sports events such as the 2003 Taegu Universiade, 
the 2004 Athens Summer Olympics and last year's East Asian Football 
Federation Championship held in South Korea. But it is also not the 
North's first attempt to air World Cup matches for domestic viewers. 
During the 2002 World Cup held in South Korea and Japan, several 
matches, including the opener between France and Senegal and the South 
Korean matches, were broadcast through the state-run North Korean Chosun 
Central TV in recorded form.
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QUIDNUNC
In this section of CanKor, we invite readers to send questions, answers, 
or responses. Answers should be under 150 words and may be edited for 
space.

*************************************************
HOW MANY PEOPLE IN NORTH KOREA HAVE UNFETTERED ACCESS TO INFORMATION 
ABOUT THE WORLD OUTSIDE THE DPRK?
*************************************************

I can confirm that my staff in Pyongyang were very happy to look at 
foreign publications, videos etc. They would even take the latter home. 
They were always interested in material from South Korea, and had no 
problem with asking for South Korean dictionaries, for example. 
Occasionally, I was aware that our short wave car radios were tuned to 
South Korean radio stations.

Foreign Ministry, Trade Ministry and 'friendship' officials were keen to 
receive foreign newspapers. The MFA (European Department) got the London 
Times from us, plus the satirical magazine Private Eye, Time and 
Newsweek. The European department asked us to wrap up the newspapers, 
not just leave them at the front desk because otherwise other 
departments took them. We sent trade magazines and The Economist to the 
Ministry of Foreign Trade. The British friendship society received the 
Guardian; these were supposed to be passed on to other organizations but 
I do not know if they were. We also sent various journals to the Grand 
People's Study House (in effect the National Library); they took them 
and asked for more scientific ones. We also sent some specialized 
magazines to the Academy of Sciences.

Some senior MFA officials certainly heard foreign broadcasts on a 
regular basis. One said that he preferred 'Voice of America' to the BBC, 
since the former carried more news about the Korean peninsula. As in 
China, officials got a daily summary of foreign news reports in Korean, 
which reproduced these fairly accurately. South Korean broadcasts that 
referred to the DPRK as 'Bukhan' rather than 'Bukchoson', were one minor 
example.

Whether this went much beyond Pyongyang is hard to tell. However, some 
provincial officials knew about developments outside the country.

Jim Hoare, British Charge d'Affaires, Pyongyang 2001-2.
*************************************************

WHAT NOW?
How do teens rebel in North Korea? Is there rock and roll?
*************************************************

QUESTIONS STILL PENDING:
The US Treasury Department actions are justified by the Bush 
administration as targeting criminal elements such as drug trafficking 
and counterfeiting. How effective is this tool to fight the black market 
and other illicit activity in the DPRK?

When and why did the DPRK carve two new remote northern border 
provinces, Jagang and Ryanggang, out of the centuries-old Pyongan and 
Hamgyong provinces?

[Answers should be e-mailed to: editor at CanKor.ca]
*************************************************

End CanKor # 251

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